Fifth Disease

What Is It?

Fifth Disease is a common childhood illness caused by parvovirus B19, also known as erythema infectiosum. This virus, often referred to as “Slapped Cheek Disease,” can be hard to distinguish until the rash develops. It generally affects pre-school to elementary school age children in the late winter to early spring and is spread person to person, through a cough or a sneeze.

What Does it Look Like?

Common symptoms prior to the rash are fever, runny nose and headache
- 25% of kids with Fifth Disease will be asymptomatic, until presentation of the rash
On day 2-5, “Slapped Cheeks,” or very red cheeks appear, followed by a lace like rash on the trunk or extremities

The body rash can be itchy, with symptoms exacerbated when children are hot (just out of the bath or playing outside)

Few children may experience joint pain and swelling

How Long Will It Last and Are They Contagious?

**By the time the rash appears, your child is no longer contagious**
The red cheeks and lacy rash typically last one week but can reappear sporadically for weeks or months.
After having Fifth Disease, children are immune and will not get it again.

What Can I Do?

Fifth Disease will self resolve over time
For fever and body aches, give Tylenol and/or Motrin

https://resources.modernpediatrics.co/article/58-acetaminophen-ibuprofen-weight-based-dosing

Encourage plenty of fluids to maintain hydration
For an itchy rash, apply cool compresses

Pregnant Caregivers

When erythema infectiosum is contracted early in pregnancy, it can interfere with the fetus' ability to make red blood cells, leading to severe anemia and an increased risk of miscarriage.
Any pregnant person exposed to Fifth Disease is encouraged to discuss additional testing with their obstetrician, to determine presence of antibodies that would indicate a recent or past exposure to the virus.

When to Reach out to Modern Pediatrics

Joint pain and/or swelling with redness
History of chronic anemia or other blood disorders
Fever of 100.4 or above last for 3 days or more
Any other new or concerning symptoms that are concerning to you